Biochemistry in Serbia started its development after World War II as a part of biology, chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, and other scientific disciplines. As a result of interdisciplinarity, biochemists organized in several societies that traditionally gathered experts of the same field (Serbian Chemical Society, Serbian Medical Society, Serbian Physiological Society, Biological Society, Immunological Society, Serbian Pharmaceutical Society). Some of these societies (Serbian Chemical Society and the Serbian pharmaceutical company) had special divisions of biochemistry that are still active. Section of Biochemistry of the Serbian Chemical Society was established in 1967. A part of the Union of chemical societies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a Commission of Biochemistry that organized joint international activities of SFRY biochemists.

The Biochemical Society of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia was established in 1976 in Belgrade. The Association of Biochemical Societies of Yugoslavia was founded the same year. It included biochemical societies of all the republics and provinces. Until 1991 activities of the Biochemical Society of Serbia were carried out independently and through the activities of the Union. Activities of the society were interrupted in the period 1991-1996. The society was re-activated and registered in 1997 under the name Yugoslav Society of Biochemistry and in 2009 it was reregistered as Serbian Biochemical Society. In 1979 Biochemical Society of Vojvodina, with the head in Novi Sad, was established. The same year it was accepted as a member of the Union, and has worked independently, but was included in the activities of the Serbian Biochemical Society and activities of the Union.

As the disintegration of SFRY ceased the membership in FEBS, all newly created states re-registered their biochemical societies. Initiative for the organization of the Yugoslav Society for biochemistry (Serbia and Montenegro) was launched by professor Dejan Mićić, at the end of 1996. Initiative Committee, besides professor Mićić, included representatives from several institutions in Belgrade and Novi Sad (Faculty of Chemistry in Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry in Novi Sad, Institute of Biology "Dr. Sinisa Stankovic", Faculty of Pharmacy in Belgrade, Institute Vinca, Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad). They agreed to launch a new organization of the society and to initiate activities to join FEBS.

Constituent Assembly of the Yugoslav Society for Biochemistry was held on the 4th December 1996 at the Faculty of Chemistry in Belgrade. At the assembly, there were 35 attendees from Belgrade and Novi Sad, who appeared as founders of the Society.

The decision on the establishment of the Society states that the Society's headquarters is at the Biochemical Institute of the Medical Faculty in Belgrade, and briefly describes the nature and the goals of the Society. Society is defined as a scientific organization operating in the territory of Yugoslavia and gathering all interested scholars who deal with problems related to biochemistry and biochemical research. It was pointed out that the objectives of the society are to develop, coordinate and assist scientific research that contributes to the development of biochemistry, to organize seminars, lectures, and conferences in this field, to establish cooperation with international groups and societies (FEBS, IUB) as well as with our scientists around the world working in the field of biochemistry, to popularize Biochemistry in professional circles and the media.

Extensive activities and correspondence with the authorities of FEBS about membership of Yugoslav society were led by prof. Vesna Niketić in 1997 and 1998. Great help in this regard, with his advice and dedication to the Society, was provided by professor Dr. Vito Turk (Slovenia), who held the position of FEBS General Secretary at the time. Joining of Yugoslav Society in FEBS was accepted unanimously (as the 34th member) at the Council meeting in July 1998 in Copenhagen, held during the 25th regular FEBS Congress.

Re-registration of Yugoslav Biochemical Society into Serbian Biochemical Society was finished by the solution of the Serbian Business Registers Agency on the 5th of July 2011.

Serbian Biochemical Society has admitted to FEBS as the successor of the Yugoslav Biochemical Society at the annual meeting of the FEBS Council held on 30th June 2011 in Turin.